Negative Effects of Arranged Marriage - 1968 Words

According to the 2010 Census of India, there are 236,772,617 females married. 40 percent of these women are in ages between 25 and 29. And, 85 percent of these marriages are arranged. In arranged marriage there is no dating, premarital sex, living together, or even physical interaction. Sheela, J. an expert for the United Nations writes that â€Å"according to the Hindu Dharma sutras, the father should give away his daughter while she still nagnika (naked)†.† This means that as soon as the parents of the eligible man is ready to get marry, his parents look for a family of the same religion, caste, social status and class with a daughter that could fit the requirements of the family. Sheela also explains the significance of the dowry in†¦show more content†¦Sometimes women are treated like slaves and being punished for not doing their domestic work on time. David Masci writes in the â€Å"Emerging India† article for the CQ Researcher, that â€Å"t he most common reason why Indian women suffer from domestic violence is that meal are not being prepared on time†. According a United Nations survey in 2002, 65.3 percent of Indian women have been subjected to some form of domestic violence. The way women are treated in India is being notice by some brave women that go out to the streets to protest and show that women are not objects. Some of these protest put women under different perspective under the eyes of Indian population. These women are not to be seeing as courageous victims coming out of their violent environment, but big percentages see them as ridiculous and shameless. Domestic violence is a big issue in India. Marital rape, dowry deaths, and sex selective abortions are a few ways how women are being abuse. Sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a taboo issue. Kriti Madan writes about the forms of marital rape in India, â€Å"marital rape is the most common and repugnant form of masochism in Indian society, it is hidden behind iron curtain of marriage.† Madan writes about the various types of marital violence and how Indian culture accepts these behaviors as normal in marriage. According to Wolpert, â€Å"the Hindu culture believes that having intercourse with one’s wife for any reason other than procreationShow MoreRelatedArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki ). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreMarriage in Culture: Practice and Meaning Across Diverse Societies1043 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage refers to a legal union between a man and a woman, where they become a wife and husband. A family refers to a social unit that consists of children and their parents. Divorce, on the other hand, is the dissolution of a marriage by a court of law or any other competent body. Explore the Variations of Marriage in Different Cultures Marriage is an institution that has formed the foundation of families throughout history. However, the traditions that surround marriage ceremonies, choosingRead MoreJapanese Arranged Marriages818 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, arranged marriages between social classes have been a tradition. Since World War II ended in 1945, â€Å"love† marriages have become more and more common. Social class has somewhat ended with the establishment of the Tenant Laws; which abolished landlords and divided land between Japanese peasants and farmers. Now, marriage is becoming much like that of the United States’. The rise of non-arranged marriage is a positive event; it is helping Japan progress towards a freer nation which isRead MoreThe Marriage Of Arranged Marriage1666 Words   |  7 Pageswife? That is how arranged marriages work, someone else choses your spouse for you. We are now living in a generation where we are highly influenced by what we see in the media. Cultures th at practice arranged marriage are now shifting toward the Western norms of marriage. Many people are not familiar with arranged marriages and come to judge to quickly without having any knowledge on the topic. Arranged marriage is a marriage that is organized by two families for the marriage of their son or daughterRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthese injustices continue to occur in today s world just as they have for several years. Arranged marriage is a social issue that regularly occurred during the Romantic period in England and continues to be an issue today’s cultures and society, causing the unhappiness and social prejudices to remain in today’s world as they did in 19th century England. During England’s Romantic period, arranged marriages between young men and women were customary and of much importance, allowing the custom toRead MoreMarriage Practices And Beliefs Have Changed Tremendously1738 Words   |  7 PagesToday, marriage practices and beliefs have changed tremendously. Many years ago, the traditional marriage would have been between a man and a woman. But what is tradition now a days? So much has changed from back then and now. When it comes to marriage, all cultures have their own rituals and beliefs, and respect and honor those beliefs. Marriage is defiantly viewed differently depending on where you live and differs all over the entire world. In this research paper you will hear about marriageRead MoreSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagessociety has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way a man could express themselves interactively or sexually with a woman was through arranged marriages. Only in modern times has the man, and even more recently, the woman have the right to choose their own mate. Skip Burzumato explains that in the 1930’s and 40’s â€Å"courtship increasingly took place in public spaces such as movie theaters andRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words   |  7 Pageswhen approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative and diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. The provided data is meant to render a new outlook for developing an effective form of marital intercommunication. The information is not intended to provide counseling or resolve marital discourse. Once told by our clergyman b efore marriage â€Å"A couple must communicateRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three main reasons why people oppose the establishment of women’s equal rights in Pakistan; one is the official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Muslims uphold traditions, such as arranged marriages, that can result in prejudice towards women. Women are often forced into these marriages for fear of negative repercussions such as disownment from their families or physical abuse (â€Å"UNESCO†, 1). Another reason people oppose women equality is because people living in Pakistan usually obey religiousRead MoreAnalysis Of Among Strangers By Jude Dibia1183 Words   |  5 Pagespermitted at home whatsoever (Dibia 106). Although the narrator’s parents are keeping him from learning or speaking their native languages, which is what most of his family members speak, in order to stabilize his English proficiency, there are many negative effects of doing so. The narrator constantly feels like a stranger when people, who he is supposed to know and care for, speak a different language. In the very start of the story, the narrator admits to the pure significance of language. They say

Negative Effects of Arranged Marriage - 1968 Words

According to the 2010 Census of India, there are 236,772,617 females married. 40 percent of these women are in ages between 25 and 29. And, 85 percent of these marriages are arranged. In arranged marriage there is no dating, premarital sex, living together, or even physical interaction. Sheela, J. an expert for the United Nations writes that â€Å"according to the Hindu Dharma sutras, the father should give away his daughter while she still nagnika (naked)†.† This means that as soon as the parents of the eligible man is ready to get marry, his parents look for a family of the same religion, caste, social status and class with a daughter that could fit the requirements of the family. Sheela also explains the significance of the dowry in†¦show more content†¦Sometimes women are treated like slaves and being punished for not doing their domestic work on time. David Masci writes in the â€Å"Emerging India† article for the CQ Researcher, that â€Å"t he most common reason why Indian women suffer from domestic violence is that meal are not being prepared on time†. According a United Nations survey in 2002, 65.3 percent of Indian women have been subjected to some form of domestic violence. The way women are treated in India is being notice by some brave women that go out to the streets to protest and show that women are not objects. Some of these protest put women under different perspective under the eyes of Indian population. These women are not to be seeing as courageous victims coming out of their violent environment, but big percentages see them as ridiculous and shameless. Domestic violence is a big issue in India. Marital rape, dowry deaths, and sex selective abortions are a few ways how women are being abuse. Sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a taboo issue. Kriti Madan writes about the forms of marital rape in India, â€Å"marital rape is the most common and repugnant form of masochism in Indian society, it is hidden behind iron curtain of marriage.† Madan writes about the various types of marital violence and how Indian culture accepts these behaviors as normal in marriage. According to Wolpert, â€Å"the Hindu culture believes that having intercourse with one’s wife for any reason other than procreationShow MoreRelatedArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki ). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreMarriage in Culture: Practice and Meaning Across Diverse Societies1043 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage refers to a legal union between a man and a woman, where they become a wife and husband. A family refers to a social unit that consists of children and their parents. Divorce, on the other hand, is the dissolution of a marriage by a court of law or any other competent body. Explore the Variations of Marriage in Different Cultures Marriage is an institution that has formed the foundation of families throughout history. However, the traditions that surround marriage ceremonies, choosingRead MoreJapanese Arranged Marriages818 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, arranged marriages between social classes have been a tradition. Since World War II ended in 1945, â€Å"love† marriages have become more and more common. Social class has somewhat ended with the establishment of the Tenant Laws; which abolished landlords and divided land between Japanese peasants and farmers. Now, marriage is becoming much like that of the United States’. The rise of non-arranged marriage is a positive event; it is helping Japan progress towards a freer nation which isRead MoreThe Marriage Of Arranged Marriage1666 Words   |  7 Pageswife? That is how arranged marriages work, someone else choses your spouse for you. We are now living in a generation where we are highly influenced by what we see in the media. Cultures th at practice arranged marriage are now shifting toward the Western norms of marriage. Many people are not familiar with arranged marriages and come to judge to quickly without having any knowledge on the topic. Arranged marriage is a marriage that is organized by two families for the marriage of their son or daughterRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthese injustices continue to occur in today s world just as they have for several years. Arranged marriage is a social issue that regularly occurred during the Romantic period in England and continues to be an issue today’s cultures and society, causing the unhappiness and social prejudices to remain in today’s world as they did in 19th century England. During England’s Romantic period, arranged marriages between young men and women were customary and of much importance, allowing the custom toRead MoreMarriage Practices And Beliefs Have Changed Tremendously1738 Words   |  7 PagesToday, marriage practices and beliefs have changed tremendously. Many years ago, the traditional marriage would have been between a man and a woman. But what is tradition now a days? So much has changed from back then and now. When it comes to marriage, all cultures have their own rituals and beliefs, and respect and honor those beliefs. Marriage is defiantly viewed differently depending on where you live and differs all over the entire world. In this research paper you will hear about marriageRead MoreSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagessociety has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way a man could express themselves interactively or sexually with a woman was through arranged marriages. Only in modern times has the man, and even more recently, the woman have the right to choose their own mate. Skip Burzumato explains that in the 1930’s and 40’s â€Å"courtship increasingly took place in public spaces such as movie theaters andRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words   |  7 Pageswhen approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative and diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. The provided data is meant to render a new outlook for developing an effective form of marital intercommunication. The information is not intended to provide counseling or resolve marital discourse. Once told by our clergyman b efore marriage â€Å"A couple must communicateRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three main reasons why people oppose the establishment of women’s equal rights in Pakistan; one is the official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Muslims uphold traditions, such as arranged marriages, that can result in prejudice towards women. Women are often forced into these marriages for fear of negative repercussions such as disownment from their families or physical abuse (â€Å"UNESCO†, 1). Another reason people oppose women equality is because people living in Pakistan usually obey religiousRead MoreAnalysis Of Among Strangers By Jude Dibia1183 Words   |  5 Pagespermitted at home whatsoever (Dibia 106). Although the narrator’s parents are keeping him from learning or speaking their native languages, which is what most of his family members speak, in order to stabilize his English proficiency, there are many negative effects of doing so. The narrator constantly feels like a stranger when people, who he is supposed to know and care for, speak a different language. In the very start of the story, the narrator admits to the pure significance of language. They say

The History of Human Interactions with Caribou

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, and known as caribou in North America), were among the last animals domesticated by humans, and some scholars argue that they still arent fully tame. There are currently about 2.5 million domesticated reindeer located in nine countries, and about 100,000 people occupied in tending them. That accounts for about half the total population of reindeer in the world. Social differences between reindeer populations show that domestic reindeer have an earlier breeding season, are smaller and have a less-strong urge to migrate than their wild relatives. While there are multiple subspecies (such as R. t. tarandus and R. t. fennicus), those subcategories include both domestic and wild animals. That is likely the result of continued interbreeding between domesticated and wild animals, and support of scholars contentions that domestication took place relatively recently. Reindeer Key Takeaways Reindeer were first domesticated in eastern Russia between 3000–1000 years agoThere are about 5 million reindeer on our planet, about half are domesticated todayArchaeological evidence shows reindeer were first hunted by humans during the Upper Paleolithic of about 45,000 years agoThe same species are called caribou in North America Why Domesticate a Reindeer? Ethnographic evidence from pastoral peoples of the Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic (such as the Sayan, Nenets, Sami, and Tungus) exploited (and still do) the reindeer for meat, milk, riding, and pack transport. Reindeer saddles used by ethnic Sayan appear to be derived from horse saddles of the Mongolian steppes; those used by Tungus are derived from Turkic cultures on the Altai steppe. Sledges or sleds drawn by draft animals, also have attributes that appear to be adapted from those used with  cattle or horses. These contacts are estimated to have occurred no longer ago than about 1000 BCE. Evidence for the use of sledges has been identified as long ago 8,000 years ago during the Mesolithic in the Baltic Sea basin of northern Europe, but they were not used with reindeer until much later. Studies on reindeer mtDNA completed by Norwegian scholar Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues identified at least two separate and apparently independent reindeer domestication events, in eastern Russia and Fenno-Scandia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland). Substantial interbreeding of wild and domestic animals in the past obscures DNA differentiation, but even so, the data continue to support at least two or three independent domestication events, probably within the past two or three thousand years. The earliest event was in eastern Russia; evidence for domestication in Fenno-Scandia suggests that domestication may not have occurred there until as late as the Medieval period. Reindeer / Human History Reindeer live in cold climates, and they feed mostly on grass and lichen. During the fall season, their bodies are fat and strong, and their fur is quite thick. The prime time for hunting reindeer, then, would be in the fall, when hunters could collect the best meat, strongest bones and sinews, and thickest fur, to help their families survive the long winters. Archaeological evidence of ancient human predation on reindeer includes amulets, rock art and effigies, reindeer bone and antler, and the remains of mass hunting structures. Reindeer bone and antler and artifacts made from them have been recovered from the French Upper Paleolithic sites of Combe Grenal and Vergisson, suggesting that reindeer were hunted at least as long ago as 45,000 years. Mass Reindeer Hunting Rock art of Alta (UNESCO World Heritage Site), petroglyphs in the Alta Fjord, Norway.   Ã‚  Manuel ROMARIS / Moment / Getty Images Two large mass hunting facilities, similar in design to desert kites, have been recorded in the Varanger peninsula of far northern Norway. These consist of a circular enclosure or pit with a pair of rock lines leading outward in a V–shape arrangement. Hunters would drive the animals into the wide end of the V and then down into the corral, where the reindeer would be slaughtered en masse or kept for a period of time. Rock art panels in the Alta fjord of northern Norway depict such corrals with reindeer and hunters, substantiating the interpretation of the Varanger kites as hunting corrals. Pitfall systems are believed by scholars to have been used beginning in the late Mesolithic (ca. 5000 BCE), and the Alta fjord rock art depictions date to approximately the same time, ~4700–4200 cal  BCE. Evidence for mass kills involving driving reindeer into a lake along two parallel fences built of stone cairns and poles has been found at four sites in southern Norway, used during the second half of the 13th century CE; and mass kills conducted this way are recorded in European history as late as the 17th century. Reindeer Domestication Scholars believe, for the most part, that it is unlikely that humans successfully controlled much of reindeer behavior or affected any morphological changes in reindeer until about 3000 years ago or so. It is unlikely, rather than certain, for a number of reasons, not the least because there is no archaeological site which shows evidence for the domestication of reindeer, at least as yet. If they exist, the sites would be located in the Eurasian Arctic, and there has been little excavation there to date. Genetic changes measured in Finnmark, Norway, were recently documented for 14 reindeer samples, consisting of faunal assemblages from archaeological sites dated between 3400 BCE to 1800 CE. A distinct haplotype shift was identified in the late medieval period, ca. 1500–1800 CE, which is interpreted as evidence of a shift to reindeer pastoralism. Why Werent Reindeer Domesticated Earlier? Why reindeer were domesticated so late is speculation, but some scholars believe that it may relate to the docile nature of reindeer. As wild adults, reindeer are willing to be milked and stay close to human settlements, but at the same time they are also extremely independent, and dont need to be fed or housed by humans. Although some scholars have argued that reindeer were kept as domestic herds by hunter-gatherers beginning the late Pleistocene, a recent study of reindeer bones dated from 130,000 to 10,000 years ago showed no morphological changes in reindeer skeletal material at all over that period. Further, reindeer are still not found outside their native habitats; both of these would be physical marks of domestication. In 2014,  Swedish biologists Anna Skarin and Birgitta Ã…hman reported a study from the reindeers perspective and conclude that human structures—fences and houses and the like—block the reindeers ability to range freely. Simply put, humans make reindeer nervous: and that may very well be why the human–reindeer domestication process is a difficult one. Recent Sà ¡mi Research Indigenous Sà ¡mi people began reindeer husbandry by the Medieval period, when the reindeer were used as a food source, but also for traction and carrying loads. They have been interested and actively involved in several recent research projects. Evidence for physical changes in reindeer bones caused by humans using them for load-pulling, carrying and riding has been investigated recently by archaeologists Anna-Kaisa Salmi and Sirpa Niinimà ¤ki. They examined skeletons of four reindeer reported to have been used for traction, and while they did identify some evidence of patterned skeletal wear and tear, it was not consistent enough to be clear evidence without additional support for the reindeers use as a draft animal.   Norwegian biologist Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues investigated DNA from 193 reindeer samples from Norway, dated between 1000 and 1700 CE. They identified an influx of new haplotypes in reindeer who died in the 16th and 17th centuries. Rà ¸ed and colleagues believe that likely represents trade in reindeer, as the annual winter Sà ¡mi trading markets including traders from the south and east into Russia were instituted by then.   Sources Anderson, David G., et al. Landscape Agency and Evenki-Iakut Reindeer Husbandry Along the . Human Ecology 42.2 (2014): 249–66. Print.Zhuia River, Eastern SiberiaBosinski, Gerhard. Remarks on the Grave above Burial 2 at the Sungir Site (Russia). Anthropologie 53.1–2 (2015): 215–19. Print.Ingold, Tim. From the Masters Point of View: Hunting . Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 24–27. Print. IsSacrificeOShea, John, et al. A 9,000-Year-Old Caribou Hunting Structure beneath Lake Huron. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.19 (2014): 6911–1015. Print.Rautio, Anna-Maria, Torbjà ¶rn Josefsson, and Lars Ãâ€"stlund. Sami Resource Utilization and Site Selection: Historical Harvesting of Inner Bark in Northern Sweden. Human Ecology 42.1 (2014): 137–46. Print.Rà ¸ed, Knut H., Ivar Bjà ¸rklund, and Bjà ¸rnar J. Olsen. From Wild to Domestic Reindeer – Genetic Evidence of a Non-Native Origin of Reindeer Pas toralism in Northern Fennoscandia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19 (2018): 279–86. Print.Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, and Sirpa Niinimà ¤ki. Entheseal Changes and Pathological Lesions in Draught Reindeer Skeletons–Four Case Studies from Present-Day Siberia. International Journal of Paleopathology 14 (2016): 91–99. Print.Skarin, Anna, and Birgitta Ã…hman. Do Human Activity and Infrastructure Disturb Domesticated Reindeer? The Need for the Reindeer’s Perspective. Polar Biology 37.7 (2014): 1041–54. Print.Willerslev, Rane, Piers Vitebsky, and Anatoly Alekseyev. Sacrifice as the Ideal Hunt: A Cosmological Explanation for the Origin of Reindeer Domestication. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 1–23. Print.

The Ugly Side Of Climate Change - 864 Words

It is far better for ourselves and the planet if we adapt to climate change instead of trying to stop it completely. Climate change is a natural phenomenon with many factors that contribute to it. We humans are one of those factors. Sure, we can do many things in our daily lives to hopefully lessen our footprint. But really, will all this add up to be enough? In the here and now I would argue no. The ugly side of climate change is very much alive right now, and it is only going to continue to get much worse. I think it would be best if we began preparing and changing with the effects now versus later when it could very well be too late for us. Climate change is a real issue today and now that can actually be seen in many places. You can physically witness it in places such as Colorado, where the Colorado River is slowly drying up. Many rivers across the world face this same exact problem. It is obvious that we humans suffer from the changes in the climate around the world. However, we are not the only ones. The surrounding ecology of the areas affected by climate change will also be damaged. We will see a large change or erasing of the ecosystems around us. Being an animal/nature lover in this day and age is a hard task indeed. Thankfully many countries right now are taking action to deal a blow to climate change. In fact, there was a recent meeting in France, where multiple countries took a pledge to reduce carbon emissions in their respective locations. One has to askShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film The An Inconvenient Truth 892 Words   |  4 Pages51:45). This logo warns the audience to notice the fact that the global warming has affected ecological niches and let the audience imagine that more and more spices will die from hunger in the future. The slide also included a diagram to show the changes of the frost in Southern Switzerland and the number of invasive exotic species (An Inconvenient Truth 52:02). We can see that the increasing rate of the number of invasive exotic species is exponential, which means unstable in numerical analysis,Read MoreGlobal Climate Changes Happen?1630 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal climate changes happen. This however is not always the best thing though. When some people think of the terms â€Å"global climate change†, they think of just a temperature change and not always the bad things that can happen to our environment and living things as well. There are many things that cause the climate changes. I want to talk about three reasons that climate change happens. First, you have the â€Å"greenhouse effect†, which is warm air being trapped in the lower atmosphere. SecondlyRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : Amanda Mangum Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages Global Climate Change Amanda Mangum Everest Online I want to talk about three reasons that climate change happens. First, you have the â€Å"greenhouse effect†, which is warm air being trapped in the lower atmosphere. Secondly, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The third issue is deforestation, or the clearing of land and burning of forests. How are all three of these issues impacting our environments? The Earth is becomingRead MoreColorist Culture Beliefs Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesperson is not as light-skinned as models, celebrities and Bollywood actresses. These instruments to the media are prized for their fair skin. Indian people from North India generally have lighter skin than those from South India because of the varying climates. Many sources claim that the fascination with lighter skin stems from Indias caste system. People from the higher castes were lighter and those from the lower castes were darker because they did a lot of manual labor unde r the sun, thus, in IndiaRead MoreTaking a Side on Business Strategies and Ethics944 Words   |  4 PagesTaking a Side on Business Strategies Ethics Taking Sides Clashing Views challenges readers to confront their senses of personal and professional ethics. The reading forces modern ethical challenges in the faces of readers and wishes them to consider these issues on various scales, from small to large, but particularly on the multinational scale. This paper serves to answer some of the difficult and relevant questions this reading brings forth. Multinational corporations should do more toRead MoreThe Influence Of Gmos Tilt And Turn855 Words   |  4 Pagespeople that say bad things about them without even doing research. When really GMO’S are very positive for many reasons but also have logical reasons on why people no not encourage the growth or use of GMO’s. Im here to play devil’s advocate on both sides but also give you my insight. For those who don’t know GMO stands for genetically modified organism†¦didn’t know that? That is just one way to show that GM foods and other things are getting a bad name and it being spread around by people who don’tRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesSave the Earth The Earth is slowly dying and we can save it, however, it requires some initiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real problem that may soon wipe out the Earth’s resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn’t just happen in some third-world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution: conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissionsRead More How Nadine Gordimer Ends Her Stories Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough a drastic change in last four lines. â€Å"She stood there wan, almost ugly, really like some wretched pet monkey shivering in a cold climate† (p. 374) This is a big contrary because throughout the whole story she was the described like a â€Å"frail little marmoset† (p. 367) and as â€Å"beautiful† (p.369). However she changes in the end â€Å"... she was grown-up, now, suddenly, as some people are said to turn white-haired overnight.† If the reader would miss this significant change in her life, he probablyRead MoreEssay about PWC Corporate Social Responsibility 1469 Words   |  6 Pagesto become the voice of the disadvantaged crowd. Just recently, PWC has completed an independent report regarding the UN Climate Change negotiations, and knowing that the company has the resources and expertise to provide relevant and convincing data for the public and leaders, this is an important step. One of the main focus of the voluntary work of the company is climate change, and they have completed many projects regarding sustainable development and effective renewable energy sources. Read MoreIgnorance is not Bliss Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages surely â€Å"we† know what we did. After all, such strong feelings dont come from thin air. These terms in quotation are debatable, pronouns that take the place of no obvious nouns. To whom do these words refer? These people are the people on either side of the line in the sand. It doesnt matter from whose perspective you view it from, â€Å"they† are all that is evil in the world, and â€Å"we† are the freedom-fighters, the few who fight against those who oppose us. Those hedonistic westerners with no morality

Harnessing Creativity and Innovation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Harnessing Creativity and Innovation. Answer: Introduction In the present century and the globalised business world, the markets as well as the needs of the customers are extremely demanding as well as dynamic in nature due to the fact that there is increased level of expectations from the consumers side to have improve, more pioneering and creative services and products. The business globalisation and huge advancement of technology has resulted in enhanced opportunities for the customers to switch to those organisations that can offer more advanced and innovative services and products (Serrat, 2017). Because of the upsurge expectation of the consumers, the organisations are required to make considered level of innovations in the business operations so that the needs of the customers can be met in an effective manner. Innovation and creativity are highly associated with each and are very crucial for the contemporary business and globalised market so that the customers can get something unique and innovative and so the organisations can attai n competitive advantages through differentiation. Creativity and innovation have a vital significance with other aspects of the organisation too such as leadership, enhanced focus, invention, and vision contribution, diversity and other few factors (Dawson and Andriopoulos, 2014). The analysis of the creative and innovative thinking of the organisation will help in understanding of the benefits associated with it as well as individual guidance for upcoming future and organisation career growth. Creativity and Innovation has a vital significance and importance in the business organisations for achieving increased number of competitive advantages and global recognition. Creativity can be understood as a function of curiosity, knowledge, evaluation and imaginations. The increased the knowledge is, the greater is the level of curiosity, the increased numbers of ideas are achieved, and the better is the opportunity to link them with innovative services and products. Creativity helps in improving the approach of solving organisational problems by which the business organisations attain a benefit of differentiation and uniqueness in their products and services (Legrenzi, 2010). Innovation can be explained as having change or modifications in the existing systems and operations or developing a new idea to perform operations. It is a pioneering idea which helps the organisations in attracting customers with some kind of uniqueness in the services and products offered. With a combine d approach of creativity and innovation, the businesses attain global recognition. Not only the large multinational corporations but even small ventures and medium enterprises have gained international brand visibility because of their continuous efforts of creativity and organisation. There are several factors that assist the approach of creativity and innovation and helps in getting increased benefits from practicing creativity and innovation. The paper will provide insights from one of the budding and rapidly growing organisations in Australia named Canva. It is basically a free graphic designing tool website which was established in the year 2012 (Canva, 2017). Leadership Encouraging Innovation and Creativity There is a vital role of leadership in the organisations as it is the leaders only that emphasizes in developing a positive environment in the organisation for achieving the organisational goals. It is the leadership which is practices in the business organisations that facilitates the approach of creativity and innovation by having increased employee engagement. There are various aspects by which there has been analysed that how leadership is the key factor behind attaining increased level of creativity and organisations in the business organisations. the first leadership factor is ideating and creating which means that there is analysing and generating of new and innovative approaches and having increased participation on the approach of creativity and innovation in teams (?erne, Jakli? and kerlavaj, 2013). The leaders are the one that push the employees across the set boundaries. Innovation is an aspect of leadership. Another key aspect of leadership which supports innovation is practicing creativity and innovation on grass root levels too. This helps in having creativity and innovation practices at all the levels of the organisations. It is the leadership that develops innovation strategies and manage structural changes and manage pipeline of new products. All such aspects of leadership play a significant role in the success of the organi sation through the implementation of creativity and innovation (Yoshida, et al., 2014). It can be analysed from the case of Canva. The key person of the organisation is Melanie Perkins who is considered as one of inspiration behind the success of Canva as at the time of studying only, Melaine realized the issues and challenges that occur while taking use of programs such as photoshop, indesign, website development, etc. with her interest and desire to provide easy solution to the people, she with the combined efforts of Cliff Obrecht gathered assistance from thousands of non-designers as well as professionals who help them in developing the business and achieving the business goals. As the organisational leaders, Melanie Perkins always tries to take use of the innovative ideas and ways to more and increased development. For this, there is encouragement of its employees across the world to give their suggestions in improving the development, graphic designing and have such innovations which customers not even think of. And because of the strong determination and leadersh ip of Melanie the organisation is presently among the top 10 ventures of Australia which are rapidly growing and are well recognized for their innovative practices (Tait, 2015). Enhanced focus and Invention Having high focus and continuous invention are other primary and vital tools for supporting the creativity and innovation approach in the organisations. It is essential that there must be increased focus on achieving creativity and innovation as it is essential that there must be an appropriate understanding of the innovative approaches which will be best suitable for the business operations and also which will help the organisation in fascinating the customers attention. When an organisation take use of creativity and innovation in building its brand image then it is essential that it must continue with the same by having inventions and innovative practices on a continue basis. This leads to continuous development of the organisation in terms of having pioneering and new ways of business operations (Sawyer, 2011). To achieve fruitful and successful results from the innovation and creativity approach it is essential that there much be continuous supply of innovative ideas and there must restructuring and modification of the business process is that invention could take place. And when there is enhanced focus, generation of new ideas and intervention of inventions then it combines results in upsurge creativity and innovation (Roco and Bainbridge, 2013). It can also be explained by the means of the above mentioned organisation famous for its innovativeness i.e. Canva. Being a web developer, content specialist and graphic designing, it is essential for the organisation to have new and improved ways of software development so that the customers can take use of the most innovative and pioneering technologies in a most accessible and easy way without any complications. The company since the day of its establishment always try to have something or the other in its software, web developing practices an d graphic designing so that they can remain in the market and can grasp the increasing market share with its pioneering technologies and services offered to the customers (Chung, 2016).With its continuing inventions, Canva has been recognized one of the coolest tech companies of Australia which is developing with a rapid rate of growth and success. It states that the approach of creativity and innovation supports the increased development and sustainability of the organisation. Vision contribution Vision also has a key role in the innovation and creativity of the organisation. By developing more innovative ways of business and involving creativity in the organisational practices, the increased number of customer segments are attained but for this it is essential that the organisational vision must has its key emphasis of innovation and creativity approach rather than just increasing market share or making profits (Auernhammer and Hall, 2014). It is essential that the organisational vision must focus on the innovation efforts and the reason behind having innovation in the business process. By having huge emphasis on creativity and innovation in the organisation vision then there will be increased level of creativity and innovative practices in the business operations. Once the vision is linked with the approach of creativity and innovation, the goals and strategies of the organisation automatically possess the insights of the approach and frame and direct all the strategise in that manner (Rohrbeck and Gemnden, 2011). The organisation which has achieved huge success and brand visibility by its creativity and innovative business practices Canva is the example which has proved that by having strong vision and associating the vision with these approaches then the success comes in a direct way (Naughton,2016). The organisation was established with a vision to offer innovative solutions to the customers regarding the easy acces s to various technological functions of website development, software development, graphic designating and other services. The organisation continues to practices its vision of having an innovative approach in its all services and products that are offered to the consumers. Diversity poses a significant and recognized role in the organisational innovation and creativity business practices. Diversity can be explained as having a diverse group of individuals in an organisation that are diverse on the basis of gender, religion and beliefs, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity and race (Erbe, 2014). In the globalized world, there is a strong need for the organisations to remain diverse and recruit highly diverse employees to have increased level of growth and innovation. When there is increase level of workplace diversity, it is analysed that there is generation of innovation and more creative ideas in compare with the workplaces where there is low level of workplace diversity (Parrotta, Pozzoli and Pytlikova, 2014). For achieving organisation growth and success, one of the key strategies adopted by hundreds of organisations is diversity and inclusion. The organisations which practice diversity and inclusion are at improved level of creativity as the diverse workforce when are involved and works in group offers highly innovative ideas and there is a diverse view-point which helps in faster resolution of conflicts, issues, framing plans and working over pioneering business models (Gompers and Wang, 2017). It can also be explained by the means of the above mentioned organisation famous for its innovativeness i.e. Canva. The company takes use of people who are from different nations and are of diverse culture. Canva seeks huge growth and creativity in its services by having such a diverse force. Because of global reach and employing people from various countries, it helps the organisation in understanding the various difficulties faced by the people in accessing application and performing their acti vity (Chung, 2016). And such diversity helps in effective understanding of the issue and creating and developing software which can resolve such challenges through offering. In a very short span of time only, the organisation has received recognition for its creativity and innovative practices which can also be considered as one of the reason behind having huge diversity in the workforce. Conclusion From this paper, it can be concluded that creativity and innovation is the pillar of success for the large scale as well as small and medium organisations. The more creative an organisation is, the better and innovative are its services which re delivered to the customers. It can also be concluded that there are several other factors also that play a significant role in developing increased level of innovation and creativity in the organisations such as leadership, focus, invention, vision and diversity. The paper has taken use of an organisation, Canva as its example of creativity and innovation. It has been analysed and stated that in just few years of establishment, the key reason for the huge success of Canva was its creativity and innovation practices that made the organisation as Australias one of the most fastest developing tech organisation. Thus, it can be stated that in every sector, organisation or activity there is a need of innovation and creativity for achieving better and rapid outcomes. References Auernhammer, J., Hall, H. (2014). Organizational culture in knowledge creation, creativity and innovation: Towards the Freiraum model.Journal of Information Science,40(2), 154-166. Canva, (2017). Our Story, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://about.canva.com/our-story/ ?erne, M., Jakli?, M., kerlavaj, M. (2013). Authentic leadership, creativity, and innovation: A multilevel perspective.Leadership,9(1), 63-85. Chung, F., (2016). Canva named Australias coolest tech company, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/at-work/canva-named-australias-coolest-tech-company/news-story/77d31d0cdecc386a8518fe1284c14abd Dawson, P., Andriopoulos, C. (2014).Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Erbe, N. D. (Ed.). (2014).Approaches to managing organizational diversity and innovation. IGI Global. Gompers, P. A., Wang, S. Q. (2017).Diversity in Innovation(No. w23082). National Bureau of Economic Research. Horth, D. M., Vehar, J. (2015). Innovation: How leadership makes the difference.White Paper Report, Center for Creative Leadership. Legrenzi, P. (2010). Creativity and innovation.Retrieved on May,6, 2013. Naughton, J., (2016). Canva CEO Melanie Perkins On Creating A Multi-Million Dollar Company, Innovation, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/09/14/canva-ceo-melanie-perkins-on-creating-a-multi-million-dollar-com_a_21472388/ Parrotta, P., Pozzoli, D., Pytlikova, M. (2014). The nexus between labor diversity and firms innovation.Journal of Population Economics,27(2), 303-364. Roco, M. C., Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology, and society.Journal of nanoparticle research,15(9), 1946. Rohrbeck, R., Gemnden, H. G. (2011). Corporate foresight: Its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,78(2), 231-243. Sawyer, R. K. (2011).Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. Oxford University Press. Serrat, O. (2017). Harnessing creativity and innovation in the workplace. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 903-910). Springer Singapore. Tait, S., (2015). Insights on innovation with Melanie Perkins, Canva founder and CEO part one, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.marketingmag.com.au/hubs-c/insights-innovation-melanie-perkins-canva-founder-ceo-part-one/ Yoshida, D. T., Sendjaya, S., Hirst, G., Cooper, B. (2014). Does servant leadership foster creativity and innovation? A multi-level mediation study of identification and prototypicality.Journal of Business Research,67(7), 1395-1404.

Effect of Music on Grades of Students free essay sample

All Reran Quarrels, Farman Saved. Susan Tale butt, Malta Cram, Hind Jabber, Sabina Wadded, Ham Mansion Abstract The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of music on students grades in Mathematics, Statistics and Accounting. And also investigate student wants to take lecture and give exam with music. Music has been found to have profound effect on the brain. Psychologists and scientists have been looking at the link between music, with mood, work efficiency and concentration for years.In our experiment, we hope o find a correlation or regression between music and its effect on studies and grades. 400 students were selected randomly from the deferent universities. As everybody in his life ever tried to use music during his studies so we wanted to know its effects. We used a questionnaire for that task. Different socio cultural peoples were used but main three parts was comprised into our questionnaire. Firstly we tried to know that how much students had ever taken lecture or given exam with music. Our first part was introduction In which we got to know that how much students know about music and its type and which type of music they prefer to sites. Second part objective is back born of our questionnaire because it contains the question of is students like to listen music during lecture, homework or In exams and In which subject they prefer to listen music. Does the music effect their studies and if yes then the effect is positive or negative in their opinion. Third part contains the questions of Suggestion in which they recommend that music should be used in lecture and exams or not.They told us that music can increase their performance In math or not and relationship between music and math. We get their opinion on that hey are satisfied with grades of those subjects in which they used music. At the end they told us their grades which helped us to reach at a conclusion. Introduction and Literature Review Introduction Mathematics and music have a strange connection. Music is the only art form, where the form and the medium are the same. Mathematics Is the study of mathematics using mathematics. Music is only created and experienced as music.Thus, there is a natural connection between mathematics and music. Both are experienced as pure objects of the brain, and both have meaning outside of the brain only by artificial inspections. Music Is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe. This study Is conducted to know about the music and Its effect on grade of student. The main reason of selecting this topic as our research was lecture of Human Resource Management, in which background music and songs was played during our quizzes, lecture and our final exam.So we want to know that is there some relation between music/songs and study. We also wanted to know that what is the opinion of students of others university and had they ever taken lecture ND given exam with music and what do they think about that music effects their music/song during exam and lecture done in other universities or not. Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation.Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. Not only does music affect intellect, but it also benefits health. This reasoning is due to a reason heartbeat. A slower heartbeat indicates relaxation. Students usually study in quiet, relaxed surroundings while listening to serene music. Classical music can steady a fast heartbeat. For example, a students heartbeat may increase due to test anxiety. An adagio-tempo song might slow the heartbeat and help the student loosen up and relax.Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining good health, and music can be beneficial to this. Music reduces muscle tension, resulting in a better, more efficient work out. Scientists performed controlled studies using adult males who Newer approximately 25 years old. Scientists took blood samples before and after treadmill running. The experiment found that with the presence of music, heart rate, blood pressure, and lactate secretion in the brain were significantly lower. The results proved that music improves workouts and reduces stress. Music benefits infants, young children, college students, and adults.Experiments relating exposure to music and intelligence are ubiquitous and usually positive. Music is gaining the reputation of having more power than it generally did in the past. Different types of music create different effects depending on the person. Listening to an up beat, fast Eng might give someone energy to work out; listening to a soft, relaxing song might put a person to sleep; and listening to Mozart may enhance spatial reasoning and memory in the brain. Whatever the situation may be, music seems to have a purely benefiting effect. Literature Review Ninth the advent of electronically reproduced music, background music has become increasingly prevalent in our society. The occurrence of such music is so common that an individual may not be aware of music in their immediate environment. Background music can be defined as any music played while the listeners attention IS focused primarily on a task or activity other than listening to the music (Radios Bayle, 1988). The function of background music varies with the individual listener and with the nature of the task or activity in which the listener is involved.Such a task or activity could be studying or other academic preparation. Students of all ages have often claimed that they can study and learn more effectively while listening to music. Indeed, some researchers have explored the possible transfer of cognitive abilities to other curricular areas by theorizing that exposure to music, wrought participation and formal instruction can facilitate unmusical learning Madsen, 1987; Radios Bayle, 1988; Wolfe, 1983). Yet a solid research base for these claims seems to be lacking. While music appears to enhance some individuals learning, it may be distracting to others.The possible effects of exposure to music and music instruction on unmusical learning have received some previous attention benchmarks, 1980; Wolff, 1977) discussed the extra musical effects of music education . The results of these reviews demonstrated mixed results. While some search indicated there may be some measurable effects of music instruction on cognitive skill, due to some inadequacies in the experimental designs such positive conclusions should be viewed with caution. Other researchers have utilized music as reinforce or mnemonic device (Madsen ; Forsyth, 1973; Travel-Holder, 1993).Also, studies have attempted to draw a cause and effect relationship between music study and academic achievement (Friedman, 1959). Greenberg and Fisher 11971) discovered that background music had a statistically significant effect on psychological test scores. However, the direct effects of exposure to musical sounds ring study or academic testing have received comparatively little attention. Henderson, Crews, and Barlow (1945) found that popular music distracted subjects on a paragraph comprehension test, while it had no effect on vocabulary test scores.In a similar study, Labial (1960) found background music had no effect on reading comprehension scores. He also discovered that the subjects preference for listening to music while studying had no significant effect when used as a covariate. Tough and Michaels (1975) found an interaction between gender and frequency of studying to music that affected reading comprehension scores. However, Kelly (1993) did not find this interaction in a later study. Studies that have examined the exposure to musical sounds on math skills have had similar results.Wolf and Whiner (1972) reported a statistically significant difference between music and silent conditions on arithmetic test scores. However, they attributed this difference to habituation as most of the test subjects reported that they listened to hard rock music when they studied. Wolfe (1983) found no difference in math test scores with four levels of music loudness, but did find that the subjects reported that the louder music interfered with their concentration. In her dissertation, Cox (1981) reported that classical music used during relaxation therapy had no statistically significant effect on algebra scores.Miller (1980) found no significant difference in math test scores among groups exposed to three conditions: no sound, white noise background, and background music Noon Cages Fontana Mix). Researchers have reported that the results of this body of literature reveal mixed resu lts (Tough Michaels, 1975; Madsen, 1987). However, finding optimum academic study and testing conditions for variety of students is of interest to educators in all fields. Also, the effects of environmental conditions on learning and performance may reveal keys to the inner Markings of the human thought process.In his dissertation, Hidden (1971) proposed five music reaction profiles or music listening styles. These five styles are: associative, cognitive, physical, involvement, and enjoyment. Hidden hypothesized that people listen to music in a combination of five styles where all styles are present AR some level, but one style is predominant. How a person listens to music may affect the possible transfer of cognitive abilities to other curricular areas. It is the purpose of his study to investigate the effects of popular and classical music listening styles on undergraduate students math test scores. Specifically, this study will seek to determine if any of the five musical styles, as defined by Hidden (1971), will act as a covariate, along with the presence of popular or classical background music, in Adrian North. The Effects of Music on Helping Behavior. Environment and Behavior 36 (2004). 10 Seep 2005 . This was an extremely beneficial study was performed on this topic by Mark Tartan, David Harvests, and Adrian North. These men sought to examine the manipulation of the mind based on music. They played music in a gym and examined the moods through testing their subjects immediately following their workout. They offered the participants the ability to help out a charity, thus examining the affect that the music had on them. They had two different groups which they measured those who listened to annoying music and those who listened were exposed to uplifting music. The results revealed that the uplifting music did in fact manipulate the mind by causing the subjects to be more supportive. Weinberg, Norman . The Mozart Effect: A Small Part of the Big Picture. 7 deed. Sacramento: Regents of the University of California, 2000. One particular article we came across examined the effect of classical musics mathematical rhythms.According to their studies, the format of the mathematical rhythms in Mozart pieces contain various factors which enhance mental clarity. Leslie, Teresa. The Effect of music listening on work performance. Psychology of Music. Volvo. 33, No. 2, 173-191 (2005).. This Journal article found results that indicate that in a work environment, quality of work is lowest with no music and time-on-task was longest with no music as well. It also states the environments with music help mood and increase quality of work when music is present. We hope that our experiment shows these results as well. Plate, H. The Structural Components of Music Perception. A Functional Anatomical Study. Brain. Volvo 120, Issue 2: 229-243. Oxford University Press 1997. This Journal article relates to our experiment in a more medical standpoint. Their experiment explores the relationship between the cerebral structures and music appreciation. It is essential that we look at medical Journal articles so we understand the medical basis to our experiment. Our mind is complex and extraordinary and music plays a profound affect on our brain and the way it works. McCarty, R. The Effects of Different Types of Music on Mood, Tension, and Mental Clarity. Pub Med. 1998 Jan; 4 (1): 75-84. 7 Seep 2005.. This Journal article touched on not only music and its effect on work efficiency, but also musics effect on tension, mood and mental clarity. Because it includes more than Just mental clarity, it gives us more information and research to work with. The study found that designer music (music made to have a specific effect on the listener) increased positive feelings and concentration levels. This Journal article has many similarities to our experiment and coincides with our hypothesis. Florentine, Mary. On the Behavioral Characteristics of Loud-Music Listening. Ear and Hearing: The Official Journal of the American Auditory Society. 19(6):420-428, 1998 Deck. This Journal discusses behavior and its link to listening excessively to loud music. They created a survey and test 90 subjects. Eight of the surveyors showed behaviors that are present in substance abusers. This is relevant to our experiment because we will be using rock and other types of loud music to measure concentration this Journal taps into the musical category. Sweeney, J. C. The Role of Cognitions and Emotions in the Music-approach-avoidance Behavior Relationship. Journal of Services Marketing. Volvo 16, 1: 51-69. March 2002. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. This study dealt with an experiment in a womens fashion different aspect of our experiment. The Journal states that music affects customers perceptions of service quality as well as feelings of arousal in terms of a womens fashion store. After reading different Journals like this one, it is obvious that music affects all aspects of life, not Just mood and concentration. McCarty, Rolling. The Effects of Different Types of Music on Mood, Tension, and Mental Clarity. Heartbeat 76 (2002). 17 Seep 2005 .A third study we found, looked into the connections between music, mood, and mental clarity. They sought to test the different effects that diverse genres of music had on subjects through psychological questioning and profiling. Rhea tested four genres of music from various corners of the music world; Grunge Rock, New Age, Classical, and Designer. The results were conclusive in revealing that grunge rock evoked hostility and greatly reduced mental clarity and motivation. We found this particularly important to our studies as we also plan to test primarily college students who commonly listen to grunge music.Carroll, Robert Todd. Mozart Effect. The Skeptics Dictionary 2005.. This article explores the effect that Mozart music has on the mind. It gives the history of the scientist who examined this issue. They included statistics to prove their case the students do better when they are exposed to Mozart and classical music. This article correlates to our hypothesis that classical music will improve concentration. Http://skeptic. Com/Mozart. HTML ODonnell, Laurence. Music and the Brain. 1999. 17 Seep 2005.. This article emphasizes the power of music on memory and learning, the effects of music.It includes that people who study music have better Gaps and are higher achievers than those who arent in music. It included the fact that Hungary, Japan, and the Netherlands, the top three academic countries in the world, all place a great emphasis on music education and participation in music. http:// NNW. Chronometer. Org. BRB/nil 5/Monte/musical. HTML Irish bar chart shows that mostly students of 15-24 age group dont like background music during their lectures. Green and blue bars show peoples with disagree and strongly disagree respectively. Whereas students from 25-34 age group agree that hey like to listen music during their lecture.