Essay Topics About Animals

Essay Topics About AnimalsFor teenagers and adults who have difficulty writing essays, research has found that essay topics about animals are an excellent way to get a leg up on the competition. Because of the huge popularity of the animal world, this is one type of topic that many high school students cannot resist.The 'Animal kingdom' is a wide variety of animals, including reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds, mammals, and even some types of insects. In fact, some of the most popular animals in the world today include dogs, cats, monkeys, dolphins, elephants, dolphins, parrots, sharks, and even chimps. This makes it possible for students to learn something new about various animals.Since this is such a broad topic, it is often recommended that students research basic information about each animal to add more detail to their essay. This includes information about how they are classified by scientists, how the environment in which they live affects their behavior, how they relate to th e human race, and how we view them as being valuable members of our community. Many students will find that their ability to relate to the animal makes it easier to write an essay about it.Students should make sure that their essay topics are relevant to their specific topic. For example, students who want to talk about animals from other countries should make sure that they explore the different animals that belong to those nations. Other areas that students can research include the animal's physical characteristics, their history, their social habits, their religious beliefs, and other cultural factors. For some animals, the information could be too specific for students to research, but for others, this is another good way to make sure that the information they provide is as complete as possible.If a student decides to write about animals from the United States, they should remember that our current nation also consists of many other kinds of animals. These include certain animal s like the polar bear, orangutans, tigers, whales, and chimpanzees. Some people may be hesitant to use a specific species as the topic of their essay, but this is sometimes acceptable. By learning more about different animals in a country, a student can gain a better understanding of a culture's relationship with one of these animals.Also, because this topic requires so much research, students should try to write their original thesis statement before they begin the essay. This can help them set the tone of the entire essay and make it easier to integrate all of the information that they have collected into their narrative. The main objective of the essay is to provide a written account of what the student learned from researching this subject.Although this can be a very difficult subject, this is one area where students can enjoy reading books and online courses that will teach them about the most important aspects of the topic. Animal lovers can also take classes or go online to l earn more about these animals.

Rituals Immigration, Family, and Identity in Writing of Judith Ortiz Cofer - Literature Essay Samples

The American Dream―a phrase that was once the foundation of many immigrants’ hopes for a new life now feels fanciful and almost cruel. Not only do immigrants face economic difficulties upon arrival to the U.S., but they also face a world where their appearances and customs separate them and drive them into a cultural limbo. The reality is that immigrants step into a country whose government doesn’t protect their interests as best it could. This unfortunate truth is evident in Judith Ortiz Cofer’s â€Å"Rituals: A Candle, a Prayer, and a Notebook†. Cofer tells of her and her family’s struggles as Puerto Rican immigrants, as they try to find a happy medium between assimilating American culture and maintaining their own Puerto Rican identity. Cofer’s own personal journey demonstrates the ways in which political decisions in housing, education, and even the enforcement of the Constitution has stripped families like hers of their cultural i dentity. Housing in the United States is one of the greatest indicators of cultural divides perpetrated by political decisions―the lack thereof, in this case. In the 1930s, the federal government failed to intervene in the housing market and its redlining approach that ended up segregating neighborhoods; this explains why predominantly black or latino neighborhoods tend to have houses with lower property values, while white neighborhoods have greater property values. One might question Cofer’s father’s decision to leave a comfortable Puerto Rican community to move into a European immigrant community. However, with the current housing situation, her father was trying to find the upward mobility that was unfortunately tougher to find in the latino neighborhood. In doing so, Cofer’s family ended up outsiders in which their â€Å"exclusion was as evident as a new silence as one enters a room† (Cofer 550). Often times, this is the case with many families of diffe rent cultural backgrounds. The things that are part of their identity―from the catholic spanish rituals and the must-have plantains and yuccas for meals―become the things that make them subject to discrimination or isolation. So what if the government had acted and stopped the housing market’s racial segregation that would set the foundation for future neighborhoods and their property values? People wouldn’t have to worry about having their skin color or cultural background dictate where they must reside in order to find prosperity. Unfortunately, housing directly affects schooling. State governments decide that public schools are primarily funded through local property taxes, which means schools in impoverished neighborhoods―usually predominantly black or latino―end up with few resources due to low funds. These children end up disadvantaged due to circumstances that are beyond their control, and are made to feel as if their identity makes them deserving of a lower quality education. Again, Cofer’s father makes the decision to enroll his children private Catholic schools in a European immigrant community despite not being able to afford a house. The schools are filled with â€Å"driven and overachieving offspring of Nazi camp survivors and Irish and Italian immigrants†, as Cofer describes them (550). While their good work ethic is a positive influence on hers, she still feels the loneliness most when they can attend to their â€Å"complex family life and all the attending ceremoniesà ¢â‚¬  and she can’t (Cofer 550). She could have had the comfort of a public school in a Puerto Rican community, but the reality is that a school in that neighborhood wouldn’t have had the resources that her private school did. This caused her identity to suffer, in that she couldn’t relate to anyone in school or have a community to lean on―especially when the people around her viewed her as an outsider. Many immigrant children find themselves in the same situation, often questioning their cultural identity―what are the â€Å"right† clothes to wear and the â€Å"right† words to speak. Perhaps the most particularly destructive political decision was the disillusionment of immigrants who were made to believe they would be treated equally and given equal opportunities. The Constitution itself says all men are created equal, which implies that one’s cultural identity will not disadvantage him or her. However, the government and people in power have not upheld this notion to its fullest extent. This false hope has the ability to drive families apart and make them feel like outsiders when they don’t find what they are looking for. Cofer’s own family feels this division. Cofer’s father insists upon the American Dream when he says, â€Å"‘We have a better life here There is nothing there for us to go back for’† (Cofer 552). But Cofer’s mother feels the pangs of loneliness as she responds, â€Å"‘What did I know about la maldita soledad? Mi amor, can it really be that bad for us in our own country?’† (Cofer 553). She agreed to start a new life in the United States with her husband―most likely under the same impression most immigrants have of finding prosperity―but in the end she realizes the undoubtedly present division of people of different backgrounds. There is no one around to share her love of romantic novelas and catholic rituals; even her husband shuns these interests, as a means of assimilating American culture. What her husband has picked up on, is that in the U.S., ones own culture can often times become an impediment in attaining prosperity, and so he tries to keep it hidden to fit in. He has realized that the U.S. government doesn’t protect everyone’s interests and perpetuates a cultural divide; it’s disheartening that the country that’s supposed to be a proud â€Å"melting pot† in which everyone is equal, can’t seem to fully follow its own set of guidelines. In the end, immigrants find themselves torn between the comfort of their motherland and the new lives they’ve created in the United States. But do they really have to be caught between two extremes? Must it be one or the other? Its easier said than done for immigrants to keep their customs and comfortable communities without having discrimination’s incessant presence looming over their shoulders. Such a reality would finally bring peace to immigrants minds and reassurance to their cultural identities. If the government actually worked to create true, absolute equality for all, as its written foundation claims to uphold, perhaps the American Dream could actually have some truth to its name.

Negative Effects of Arranged Marriage - 1968 Words

According to the 2010 Census of India, there are 236,772,617 females married. 40 percent of these women are in ages between 25 and 29. And, 85 percent of these marriages are arranged. In arranged marriage there is no dating, premarital sex, living together, or even physical interaction. Sheela, J. an expert for the United Nations writes that â€Å"according to the Hindu Dharma sutras, the father should give away his daughter while she still nagnika (naked)†.† This means that as soon as the parents of the eligible man is ready to get marry, his parents look for a family of the same religion, caste, social status and class with a daughter that could fit the requirements of the family. Sheela also explains the significance of the dowry in†¦show more content†¦Sometimes women are treated like slaves and being punished for not doing their domestic work on time. David Masci writes in the â€Å"Emerging India† article for the CQ Researcher, that â€Å"t he most common reason why Indian women suffer from domestic violence is that meal are not being prepared on time†. According a United Nations survey in 2002, 65.3 percent of Indian women have been subjected to some form of domestic violence. The way women are treated in India is being notice by some brave women that go out to the streets to protest and show that women are not objects. Some of these protest put women under different perspective under the eyes of Indian population. These women are not to be seeing as courageous victims coming out of their violent environment, but big percentages see them as ridiculous and shameless. Domestic violence is a big issue in India. Marital rape, dowry deaths, and sex selective abortions are a few ways how women are being abuse. Sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a taboo issue. Kriti Madan writes about the forms of marital rape in India, â€Å"marital rape is the most common and repugnant form of masochism in Indian society, it is hidden behind iron curtain of marriage.† Madan writes about the various types of marital violence and how Indian culture accepts these behaviors as normal in marriage. According to Wolpert, â€Å"the Hindu culture believes that having intercourse with one’s wife for any reason other than procreationShow MoreRelatedArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki ). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreMarriage in Culture: Practice and Meaning Across Diverse Societies1043 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage refers to a legal union between a man and a woman, where they become a wife and husband. A family refers to a social unit that consists of children and their parents. Divorce, on the other hand, is the dissolution of a marriage by a court of law or any other competent body. Explore the Variations of Marriage in Different Cultures Marriage is an institution that has formed the foundation of families throughout history. However, the traditions that surround marriage ceremonies, choosingRead MoreJapanese Arranged Marriages818 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, arranged marriages between social classes have been a tradition. Since World War II ended in 1945, â€Å"love† marriages have become more and more common. Social class has somewhat ended with the establishment of the Tenant Laws; which abolished landlords and divided land between Japanese peasants and farmers. Now, marriage is becoming much like that of the United States’. The rise of non-arranged marriage is a positive event; it is helping Japan progress towards a freer nation which isRead MoreThe Marriage Of Arranged Marriage1666 Words   |  7 Pageswife? That is how arranged marriages work, someone else choses your spouse for you. We are now living in a generation where we are highly influenced by what we see in the media. Cultures th at practice arranged marriage are now shifting toward the Western norms of marriage. Many people are not familiar with arranged marriages and come to judge to quickly without having any knowledge on the topic. Arranged marriage is a marriage that is organized by two families for the marriage of their son or daughterRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthese injustices continue to occur in today s world just as they have for several years. Arranged marriage is a social issue that regularly occurred during the Romantic period in England and continues to be an issue today’s cultures and society, causing the unhappiness and social prejudices to remain in today’s world as they did in 19th century England. During England’s Romantic period, arranged marriages between young men and women were customary and of much importance, allowing the custom toRead MoreMarriage Practices And Beliefs Have Changed Tremendously1738 Words   |  7 PagesToday, marriage practices and beliefs have changed tremendously. Many years ago, the traditional marriage would have been between a man and a woman. But what is tradition now a days? So much has changed from back then and now. When it comes to marriage, all cultures have their own rituals and beliefs, and respect and honor those beliefs. Marriage is defiantly viewed differently depending on where you live and differs all over the entire world. In this research paper you will hear about marriageRead MoreSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagessociety has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way a man could express themselves interactively or sexually with a woman was through arranged marriages. Only in modern times has the man, and even more recently, the woman have the right to choose their own mate. Skip Burzumato explains that in the 1930’s and 40’s â€Å"courtship increasingly took place in public spaces such as movie theaters andRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words   |  7 Pageswhen approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative and diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. The provided data is meant to render a new outlook for developing an effective form of marital intercommunication. The information is not intended to provide counseling or resolve marital discourse. Once told by our clergyman b efore marriage â€Å"A couple must communicateRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three main reasons why people oppose the establishment of women’s equal rights in Pakistan; one is the official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Muslims uphold traditions, such as arranged marriages, that can result in prejudice towards women. Women are often forced into these marriages for fear of negative repercussions such as disownment from their families or physical abuse (â€Å"UNESCO†, 1). Another reason people oppose women equality is because people living in Pakistan usually obey religiousRead MoreAnalysis Of Among Strangers By Jude Dibia1183 Words   |  5 Pagespermitted at home whatsoever (Dibia 106). Although the narrator’s parents are keeping him from learning or speaking their native languages, which is what most of his family members speak, in order to stabilize his English proficiency, there are many negative effects of doing so. The narrator constantly feels like a stranger when people, who he is supposed to know and care for, speak a different language. In the very start of the story, the narrator admits to the pure significance of language. They say

Negative Effects of Arranged Marriage - 1968 Words

According to the 2010 Census of India, there are 236,772,617 females married. 40 percent of these women are in ages between 25 and 29. And, 85 percent of these marriages are arranged. In arranged marriage there is no dating, premarital sex, living together, or even physical interaction. Sheela, J. an expert for the United Nations writes that â€Å"according to the Hindu Dharma sutras, the father should give away his daughter while she still nagnika (naked)†.† This means that as soon as the parents of the eligible man is ready to get marry, his parents look for a family of the same religion, caste, social status and class with a daughter that could fit the requirements of the family. Sheela also explains the significance of the dowry in†¦show more content†¦Sometimes women are treated like slaves and being punished for not doing their domestic work on time. David Masci writes in the â€Å"Emerging India† article for the CQ Researcher, that â€Å"t he most common reason why Indian women suffer from domestic violence is that meal are not being prepared on time†. According a United Nations survey in 2002, 65.3 percent of Indian women have been subjected to some form of domestic violence. The way women are treated in India is being notice by some brave women that go out to the streets to protest and show that women are not objects. Some of these protest put women under different perspective under the eyes of Indian population. These women are not to be seeing as courageous victims coming out of their violent environment, but big percentages see them as ridiculous and shameless. Domestic violence is a big issue in India. Marital rape, dowry deaths, and sex selective abortions are a few ways how women are being abuse. Sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a taboo issue. Kriti Madan writes about the forms of marital rape in India, â€Å"marital rape is the most common and repugnant form of masochism in Indian society, it is hidden behind iron curtain of marriage.† Madan writes about the various types of marital violence and how Indian culture accepts these behaviors as normal in marriage. According to Wolpert, â€Å"the Hindu culture believes that having intercourse with one’s wife for any reason other than procreationShow MoreRelatedArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki ). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreMarriage in Culture: Practice and Meaning Across Diverse Societies1043 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage refers to a legal union between a man and a woman, where they become a wife and husband. A family refers to a social unit that consists of children and their parents. Divorce, on the other hand, is the dissolution of a marriage by a court of law or any other competent body. Explore the Variations of Marriage in Different Cultures Marriage is an institution that has formed the foundation of families throughout history. However, the traditions that surround marriage ceremonies, choosingRead MoreJapanese Arranged Marriages818 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, arranged marriages between social classes have been a tradition. Since World War II ended in 1945, â€Å"love† marriages have become more and more common. Social class has somewhat ended with the establishment of the Tenant Laws; which abolished landlords and divided land between Japanese peasants and farmers. Now, marriage is becoming much like that of the United States’. The rise of non-arranged marriage is a positive event; it is helping Japan progress towards a freer nation which isRead MoreThe Marriage Of Arranged Marriage1666 Words   |  7 Pageswife? That is how arranged marriages work, someone else choses your spouse for you. We are now living in a generation where we are highly influenced by what we see in the media. Cultures th at practice arranged marriage are now shifting toward the Western norms of marriage. Many people are not familiar with arranged marriages and come to judge to quickly without having any knowledge on the topic. Arranged marriage is a marriage that is organized by two families for the marriage of their son or daughterRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthese injustices continue to occur in today s world just as they have for several years. Arranged marriage is a social issue that regularly occurred during the Romantic period in England and continues to be an issue today’s cultures and society, causing the unhappiness and social prejudices to remain in today’s world as they did in 19th century England. During England’s Romantic period, arranged marriages between young men and women were customary and of much importance, allowing the custom toRead MoreMarriage Practices And Beliefs Have Changed Tremendously1738 Words   |  7 PagesToday, marriage practices and beliefs have changed tremendously. Many years ago, the traditional marriage would have been between a man and a woman. But what is tradition now a days? So much has changed from back then and now. When it comes to marriage, all cultures have their own rituals and beliefs, and respect and honor those beliefs. Marriage is defiantly viewed differently depending on where you live and differs all over the entire world. In this research paper you will hear about marriageRead MoreSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagessociety has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way a man could express themselves interactively or sexually with a woman was through arranged marriages. Only in modern times has the man, and even more recently, the woman have the right to choose their own mate. Skip Burzumato explains that in the 1930’s and 40’s â€Å"courtship increasingly took place in public spaces such as movie theaters andRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words   |  7 Pageswhen approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative and diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. The provided data is meant to render a new outlook for developing an effective form of marital intercommunication. The information is not intended to provide counseling or resolve marital discourse. Once told by our clergyman b efore marriage â€Å"A couple must communicateRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three main reasons why people oppose the establishment of women’s equal rights in Pakistan; one is the official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Muslims uphold traditions, such as arranged marriages, that can result in prejudice towards women. Women are often forced into these marriages for fear of negative repercussions such as disownment from their families or physical abuse (â€Å"UNESCO†, 1). Another reason people oppose women equality is because people living in Pakistan usually obey religiousRead MoreAnalysis Of Among Strangers By Jude Dibia1183 Words   |  5 Pagespermitted at home whatsoever (Dibia 106). Although the narrator’s parents are keeping him from learning or speaking their native languages, which is what most of his family members speak, in order to stabilize his English proficiency, there are many negative effects of doing so. The narrator constantly feels like a stranger when people, who he is supposed to know and care for, speak a different language. In the very start of the story, the narrator admits to the pure significance of language. They say

The History of Human Interactions with Caribou

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, and known as caribou in North America), were among the last animals domesticated by humans, and some scholars argue that they still arent fully tame. There are currently about 2.5 million domesticated reindeer located in nine countries, and about 100,000 people occupied in tending them. That accounts for about half the total population of reindeer in the world. Social differences between reindeer populations show that domestic reindeer have an earlier breeding season, are smaller and have a less-strong urge to migrate than their wild relatives. While there are multiple subspecies (such as R. t. tarandus and R. t. fennicus), those subcategories include both domestic and wild animals. That is likely the result of continued interbreeding between domesticated and wild animals, and support of scholars contentions that domestication took place relatively recently. Reindeer Key Takeaways Reindeer were first domesticated in eastern Russia between 3000–1000 years agoThere are about 5 million reindeer on our planet, about half are domesticated todayArchaeological evidence shows reindeer were first hunted by humans during the Upper Paleolithic of about 45,000 years agoThe same species are called caribou in North America Why Domesticate a Reindeer? Ethnographic evidence from pastoral peoples of the Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic (such as the Sayan, Nenets, Sami, and Tungus) exploited (and still do) the reindeer for meat, milk, riding, and pack transport. Reindeer saddles used by ethnic Sayan appear to be derived from horse saddles of the Mongolian steppes; those used by Tungus are derived from Turkic cultures on the Altai steppe. Sledges or sleds drawn by draft animals, also have attributes that appear to be adapted from those used with  cattle or horses. These contacts are estimated to have occurred no longer ago than about 1000 BCE. Evidence for the use of sledges has been identified as long ago 8,000 years ago during the Mesolithic in the Baltic Sea basin of northern Europe, but they were not used with reindeer until much later. Studies on reindeer mtDNA completed by Norwegian scholar Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues identified at least two separate and apparently independent reindeer domestication events, in eastern Russia and Fenno-Scandia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland). Substantial interbreeding of wild and domestic animals in the past obscures DNA differentiation, but even so, the data continue to support at least two or three independent domestication events, probably within the past two or three thousand years. The earliest event was in eastern Russia; evidence for domestication in Fenno-Scandia suggests that domestication may not have occurred there until as late as the Medieval period. Reindeer / Human History Reindeer live in cold climates, and they feed mostly on grass and lichen. During the fall season, their bodies are fat and strong, and their fur is quite thick. The prime time for hunting reindeer, then, would be in the fall, when hunters could collect the best meat, strongest bones and sinews, and thickest fur, to help their families survive the long winters. Archaeological evidence of ancient human predation on reindeer includes amulets, rock art and effigies, reindeer bone and antler, and the remains of mass hunting structures. Reindeer bone and antler and artifacts made from them have been recovered from the French Upper Paleolithic sites of Combe Grenal and Vergisson, suggesting that reindeer were hunted at least as long ago as 45,000 years. Mass Reindeer Hunting Rock art of Alta (UNESCO World Heritage Site), petroglyphs in the Alta Fjord, Norway.   Ã‚  Manuel ROMARIS / Moment / Getty Images Two large mass hunting facilities, similar in design to desert kites, have been recorded in the Varanger peninsula of far northern Norway. These consist of a circular enclosure or pit with a pair of rock lines leading outward in a V–shape arrangement. Hunters would drive the animals into the wide end of the V and then down into the corral, where the reindeer would be slaughtered en masse or kept for a period of time. Rock art panels in the Alta fjord of northern Norway depict such corrals with reindeer and hunters, substantiating the interpretation of the Varanger kites as hunting corrals. Pitfall systems are believed by scholars to have been used beginning in the late Mesolithic (ca. 5000 BCE), and the Alta fjord rock art depictions date to approximately the same time, ~4700–4200 cal  BCE. Evidence for mass kills involving driving reindeer into a lake along two parallel fences built of stone cairns and poles has been found at four sites in southern Norway, used during the second half of the 13th century CE; and mass kills conducted this way are recorded in European history as late as the 17th century. Reindeer Domestication Scholars believe, for the most part, that it is unlikely that humans successfully controlled much of reindeer behavior or affected any morphological changes in reindeer until about 3000 years ago or so. It is unlikely, rather than certain, for a number of reasons, not the least because there is no archaeological site which shows evidence for the domestication of reindeer, at least as yet. If they exist, the sites would be located in the Eurasian Arctic, and there has been little excavation there to date. Genetic changes measured in Finnmark, Norway, were recently documented for 14 reindeer samples, consisting of faunal assemblages from archaeological sites dated between 3400 BCE to 1800 CE. A distinct haplotype shift was identified in the late medieval period, ca. 1500–1800 CE, which is interpreted as evidence of a shift to reindeer pastoralism. Why Werent Reindeer Domesticated Earlier? Why reindeer were domesticated so late is speculation, but some scholars believe that it may relate to the docile nature of reindeer. As wild adults, reindeer are willing to be milked and stay close to human settlements, but at the same time they are also extremely independent, and dont need to be fed or housed by humans. Although some scholars have argued that reindeer were kept as domestic herds by hunter-gatherers beginning the late Pleistocene, a recent study of reindeer bones dated from 130,000 to 10,000 years ago showed no morphological changes in reindeer skeletal material at all over that period. Further, reindeer are still not found outside their native habitats; both of these would be physical marks of domestication. In 2014,  Swedish biologists Anna Skarin and Birgitta Ã…hman reported a study from the reindeers perspective and conclude that human structures—fences and houses and the like—block the reindeers ability to range freely. Simply put, humans make reindeer nervous: and that may very well be why the human–reindeer domestication process is a difficult one. Recent Sà ¡mi Research Indigenous Sà ¡mi people began reindeer husbandry by the Medieval period, when the reindeer were used as a food source, but also for traction and carrying loads. They have been interested and actively involved in several recent research projects. Evidence for physical changes in reindeer bones caused by humans using them for load-pulling, carrying and riding has been investigated recently by archaeologists Anna-Kaisa Salmi and Sirpa Niinimà ¤ki. They examined skeletons of four reindeer reported to have been used for traction, and while they did identify some evidence of patterned skeletal wear and tear, it was not consistent enough to be clear evidence without additional support for the reindeers use as a draft animal.   Norwegian biologist Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues investigated DNA from 193 reindeer samples from Norway, dated between 1000 and 1700 CE. They identified an influx of new haplotypes in reindeer who died in the 16th and 17th centuries. Rà ¸ed and colleagues believe that likely represents trade in reindeer, as the annual winter Sà ¡mi trading markets including traders from the south and east into Russia were instituted by then.   Sources Anderson, David G., et al. Landscape Agency and Evenki-Iakut Reindeer Husbandry Along the . Human Ecology 42.2 (2014): 249–66. Print.Zhuia River, Eastern SiberiaBosinski, Gerhard. Remarks on the Grave above Burial 2 at the Sungir Site (Russia). Anthropologie 53.1–2 (2015): 215–19. Print.Ingold, Tim. From the Masters Point of View: Hunting . Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 24–27. Print. IsSacrificeOShea, John, et al. A 9,000-Year-Old Caribou Hunting Structure beneath Lake Huron. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.19 (2014): 6911–1015. Print.Rautio, Anna-Maria, Torbjà ¶rn Josefsson, and Lars Ãâ€"stlund. Sami Resource Utilization and Site Selection: Historical Harvesting of Inner Bark in Northern Sweden. Human Ecology 42.1 (2014): 137–46. Print.Rà ¸ed, Knut H., Ivar Bjà ¸rklund, and Bjà ¸rnar J. Olsen. From Wild to Domestic Reindeer – Genetic Evidence of a Non-Native Origin of Reindeer Pas toralism in Northern Fennoscandia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19 (2018): 279–86. Print.Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, and Sirpa Niinimà ¤ki. Entheseal Changes and Pathological Lesions in Draught Reindeer Skeletons–Four Case Studies from Present-Day Siberia. International Journal of Paleopathology 14 (2016): 91–99. Print.Skarin, Anna, and Birgitta Ã…hman. Do Human Activity and Infrastructure Disturb Domesticated Reindeer? The Need for the Reindeer’s Perspective. Polar Biology 37.7 (2014): 1041–54. Print.Willerslev, Rane, Piers Vitebsky, and Anatoly Alekseyev. Sacrifice as the Ideal Hunt: A Cosmological Explanation for the Origin of Reindeer Domestication. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 1–23. Print.

The Ugly Side Of Climate Change - 864 Words

It is far better for ourselves and the planet if we adapt to climate change instead of trying to stop it completely. Climate change is a natural phenomenon with many factors that contribute to it. We humans are one of those factors. Sure, we can do many things in our daily lives to hopefully lessen our footprint. But really, will all this add up to be enough? In the here and now I would argue no. The ugly side of climate change is very much alive right now, and it is only going to continue to get much worse. I think it would be best if we began preparing and changing with the effects now versus later when it could very well be too late for us. Climate change is a real issue today and now that can actually be seen in many places. You can physically witness it in places such as Colorado, where the Colorado River is slowly drying up. Many rivers across the world face this same exact problem. It is obvious that we humans suffer from the changes in the climate around the world. However, we are not the only ones. The surrounding ecology of the areas affected by climate change will also be damaged. We will see a large change or erasing of the ecosystems around us. Being an animal/nature lover in this day and age is a hard task indeed. Thankfully many countries right now are taking action to deal a blow to climate change. In fact, there was a recent meeting in France, where multiple countries took a pledge to reduce carbon emissions in their respective locations. One has to askShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film The An Inconvenient Truth 892 Words   |  4 Pages51:45). This logo warns the audience to notice the fact that the global warming has affected ecological niches and let the audience imagine that more and more spices will die from hunger in the future. The slide also included a diagram to show the changes of the frost in Southern Switzerland and the number of invasive exotic species (An Inconvenient Truth 52:02). 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Harnessing Creativity and Innovation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Harnessing Creativity and Innovation. Answer: Introduction In the present century and the globalised business world, the markets as well as the needs of the customers are extremely demanding as well as dynamic in nature due to the fact that there is increased level of expectations from the consumers side to have improve, more pioneering and creative services and products. The business globalisation and huge advancement of technology has resulted in enhanced opportunities for the customers to switch to those organisations that can offer more advanced and innovative services and products (Serrat, 2017). Because of the upsurge expectation of the consumers, the organisations are required to make considered level of innovations in the business operations so that the needs of the customers can be met in an effective manner. Innovation and creativity are highly associated with each and are very crucial for the contemporary business and globalised market so that the customers can get something unique and innovative and so the organisations can attai n competitive advantages through differentiation. Creativity and innovation have a vital significance with other aspects of the organisation too such as leadership, enhanced focus, invention, and vision contribution, diversity and other few factors (Dawson and Andriopoulos, 2014). The analysis of the creative and innovative thinking of the organisation will help in understanding of the benefits associated with it as well as individual guidance for upcoming future and organisation career growth. Creativity and Innovation has a vital significance and importance in the business organisations for achieving increased number of competitive advantages and global recognition. Creativity can be understood as a function of curiosity, knowledge, evaluation and imaginations. The increased the knowledge is, the greater is the level of curiosity, the increased numbers of ideas are achieved, and the better is the opportunity to link them with innovative services and products. Creativity helps in improving the approach of solving organisational problems by which the business organisations attain a benefit of differentiation and uniqueness in their products and services (Legrenzi, 2010). Innovation can be explained as having change or modifications in the existing systems and operations or developing a new idea to perform operations. It is a pioneering idea which helps the organisations in attracting customers with some kind of uniqueness in the services and products offered. With a combine d approach of creativity and innovation, the businesses attain global recognition. Not only the large multinational corporations but even small ventures and medium enterprises have gained international brand visibility because of their continuous efforts of creativity and organisation. There are several factors that assist the approach of creativity and innovation and helps in getting increased benefits from practicing creativity and innovation. The paper will provide insights from one of the budding and rapidly growing organisations in Australia named Canva. It is basically a free graphic designing tool website which was established in the year 2012 (Canva, 2017). Leadership Encouraging Innovation and Creativity There is a vital role of leadership in the organisations as it is the leaders only that emphasizes in developing a positive environment in the organisation for achieving the organisational goals. It is the leadership which is practices in the business organisations that facilitates the approach of creativity and innovation by having increased employee engagement. There are various aspects by which there has been analysed that how leadership is the key factor behind attaining increased level of creativity and organisations in the business organisations. the first leadership factor is ideating and creating which means that there is analysing and generating of new and innovative approaches and having increased participation on the approach of creativity and innovation in teams (?erne, Jakli? and kerlavaj, 2013). The leaders are the one that push the employees across the set boundaries. Innovation is an aspect of leadership. Another key aspect of leadership which supports innovation is practicing creativity and innovation on grass root levels too. This helps in having creativity and innovation practices at all the levels of the organisations. It is the leadership that develops innovation strategies and manage structural changes and manage pipeline of new products. All such aspects of leadership play a significant role in the success of the organi sation through the implementation of creativity and innovation (Yoshida, et al., 2014). It can be analysed from the case of Canva. The key person of the organisation is Melanie Perkins who is considered as one of inspiration behind the success of Canva as at the time of studying only, Melaine realized the issues and challenges that occur while taking use of programs such as photoshop, indesign, website development, etc. with her interest and desire to provide easy solution to the people, she with the combined efforts of Cliff Obrecht gathered assistance from thousands of non-designers as well as professionals who help them in developing the business and achieving the business goals. As the organisational leaders, Melanie Perkins always tries to take use of the innovative ideas and ways to more and increased development. For this, there is encouragement of its employees across the world to give their suggestions in improving the development, graphic designing and have such innovations which customers not even think of. And because of the strong determination and leadersh ip of Melanie the organisation is presently among the top 10 ventures of Australia which are rapidly growing and are well recognized for their innovative practices (Tait, 2015). Enhanced focus and Invention Having high focus and continuous invention are other primary and vital tools for supporting the creativity and innovation approach in the organisations. It is essential that there must be increased focus on achieving creativity and innovation as it is essential that there must be an appropriate understanding of the innovative approaches which will be best suitable for the business operations and also which will help the organisation in fascinating the customers attention. When an organisation take use of creativity and innovation in building its brand image then it is essential that it must continue with the same by having inventions and innovative practices on a continue basis. This leads to continuous development of the organisation in terms of having pioneering and new ways of business operations (Sawyer, 2011). To achieve fruitful and successful results from the innovation and creativity approach it is essential that there much be continuous supply of innovative ideas and there must restructuring and modification of the business process is that invention could take place. And when there is enhanced focus, generation of new ideas and intervention of inventions then it combines results in upsurge creativity and innovation (Roco and Bainbridge, 2013). It can also be explained by the means of the above mentioned organisation famous for its innovativeness i.e. Canva. Being a web developer, content specialist and graphic designing, it is essential for the organisation to have new and improved ways of software development so that the customers can take use of the most innovative and pioneering technologies in a most accessible and easy way without any complications. The company since the day of its establishment always try to have something or the other in its software, web developing practices an d graphic designing so that they can remain in the market and can grasp the increasing market share with its pioneering technologies and services offered to the customers (Chung, 2016).With its continuing inventions, Canva has been recognized one of the coolest tech companies of Australia which is developing with a rapid rate of growth and success. It states that the approach of creativity and innovation supports the increased development and sustainability of the organisation. Vision contribution Vision also has a key role in the innovation and creativity of the organisation. By developing more innovative ways of business and involving creativity in the organisational practices, the increased number of customer segments are attained but for this it is essential that the organisational vision must has its key emphasis of innovation and creativity approach rather than just increasing market share or making profits (Auernhammer and Hall, 2014). It is essential that the organisational vision must focus on the innovation efforts and the reason behind having innovation in the business process. By having huge emphasis on creativity and innovation in the organisation vision then there will be increased level of creativity and innovative practices in the business operations. Once the vision is linked with the approach of creativity and innovation, the goals and strategies of the organisation automatically possess the insights of the approach and frame and direct all the strategise in that manner (Rohrbeck and Gemnden, 2011). The organisation which has achieved huge success and brand visibility by its creativity and innovative business practices Canva is the example which has proved that by having strong vision and associating the vision with these approaches then the success comes in a direct way (Naughton,2016). The organisation was established with a vision to offer innovative solutions to the customers regarding the easy acces s to various technological functions of website development, software development, graphic designating and other services. The organisation continues to practices its vision of having an innovative approach in its all services and products that are offered to the consumers. Diversity poses a significant and recognized role in the organisational innovation and creativity business practices. Diversity can be explained as having a diverse group of individuals in an organisation that are diverse on the basis of gender, religion and beliefs, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity and race (Erbe, 2014). In the globalized world, there is a strong need for the organisations to remain diverse and recruit highly diverse employees to have increased level of growth and innovation. When there is increase level of workplace diversity, it is analysed that there is generation of innovation and more creative ideas in compare with the workplaces where there is low level of workplace diversity (Parrotta, Pozzoli and Pytlikova, 2014). For achieving organisation growth and success, one of the key strategies adopted by hundreds of organisations is diversity and inclusion. The organisations which practice diversity and inclusion are at improved level of creativity as the diverse workforce when are involved and works in group offers highly innovative ideas and there is a diverse view-point which helps in faster resolution of conflicts, issues, framing plans and working over pioneering business models (Gompers and Wang, 2017). It can also be explained by the means of the above mentioned organisation famous for its innovativeness i.e. Canva. The company takes use of people who are from different nations and are of diverse culture. Canva seeks huge growth and creativity in its services by having such a diverse force. Because of global reach and employing people from various countries, it helps the organisation in understanding the various difficulties faced by the people in accessing application and performing their acti vity (Chung, 2016). And such diversity helps in effective understanding of the issue and creating and developing software which can resolve such challenges through offering. In a very short span of time only, the organisation has received recognition for its creativity and innovative practices which can also be considered as one of the reason behind having huge diversity in the workforce. Conclusion From this paper, it can be concluded that creativity and innovation is the pillar of success for the large scale as well as small and medium organisations. The more creative an organisation is, the better and innovative are its services which re delivered to the customers. It can also be concluded that there are several other factors also that play a significant role in developing increased level of innovation and creativity in the organisations such as leadership, focus, invention, vision and diversity. The paper has taken use of an organisation, Canva as its example of creativity and innovation. It has been analysed and stated that in just few years of establishment, the key reason for the huge success of Canva was its creativity and innovation practices that made the organisation as Australias one of the most fastest developing tech organisation. Thus, it can be stated that in every sector, organisation or activity there is a need of innovation and creativity for achieving better and rapid outcomes. References Auernhammer, J., Hall, H. (2014). Organizational culture in knowledge creation, creativity and innovation: Towards the Freiraum model.Journal of Information Science,40(2), 154-166. Canva, (2017). Our Story, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://about.canva.com/our-story/ ?erne, M., Jakli?, M., kerlavaj, M. (2013). Authentic leadership, creativity, and innovation: A multilevel perspective.Leadership,9(1), 63-85. Chung, F., (2016). Canva named Australias coolest tech company, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/at-work/canva-named-australias-coolest-tech-company/news-story/77d31d0cdecc386a8518fe1284c14abd Dawson, P., Andriopoulos, C. (2014).Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Erbe, N. D. (Ed.). (2014).Approaches to managing organizational diversity and innovation. IGI Global. Gompers, P. A., Wang, S. Q. (2017).Diversity in Innovation(No. w23082). National Bureau of Economic Research. Horth, D. M., Vehar, J. (2015). Innovation: How leadership makes the difference.White Paper Report, Center for Creative Leadership. Legrenzi, P. (2010). Creativity and innovation.Retrieved on May,6, 2013. Naughton, J., (2016). Canva CEO Melanie Perkins On Creating A Multi-Million Dollar Company, Innovation, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/09/14/canva-ceo-melanie-perkins-on-creating-a-multi-million-dollar-com_a_21472388/ Parrotta, P., Pozzoli, D., Pytlikova, M. (2014). The nexus between labor diversity and firms innovation.Journal of Population Economics,27(2), 303-364. Roco, M. C., Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology, and society.Journal of nanoparticle research,15(9), 1946. Rohrbeck, R., Gemnden, H. G. (2011). Corporate foresight: Its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,78(2), 231-243. Sawyer, R. K. (2011).Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. Oxford University Press. Serrat, O. (2017). Harnessing creativity and innovation in the workplace. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 903-910). Springer Singapore. Tait, S., (2015). Insights on innovation with Melanie Perkins, Canva founder and CEO part one, Retrieved on: 23rd August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.marketingmag.com.au/hubs-c/insights-innovation-melanie-perkins-canva-founder-ceo-part-one/ Yoshida, D. T., Sendjaya, S., Hirst, G., Cooper, B. (2014). Does servant leadership foster creativity and innovation? A multi-level mediation study of identification and prototypicality.Journal of Business Research,67(7), 1395-1404.